Beraktifitas hingga tengah malam atau bahkan hingga terbit fajar adalah praktek melawan sunatullah, kecuali mereka melakukan tugas penting "Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise." (Tidur awal dan bangun awal membuat seseorang sehat, sejahtera dan bijaksana), demikian kata-kata mutiara yang mengandung hikmah dalam bahasa Inggris menyebutkan. Segera tidur di permulaan malam dan segera bangun tidur sebelum fajar adalah pola hidup Islami. Islam menuntun manusia untuk menjalani hidup sesuai dengan sunatullah dan secara alami, Islam juga memberikan pedoman pola hidup yang sehat, dan bahkan mengajak manusia untuk hidup sehat. Di beberapa ayat, al-Qur'an menyebutkan malam adalah untuk istirahat (tidur), sedangkan siang (baca: pagi hingga sore hari) untuk melakukan berbagai aktifitas kehidupan seperti mencari karunia Allah. Salah satu ayat menyebutkan: "Dan karena rahmat-Nya, Dia jadikan untukmu malam dan siang, supaya kamu beristirahat pada malam itu dan supaya kamu mencari sebahagian dari karunia-Nya (pada siang hari) dan agar kamu bersyukur kepada-Nya." (QS. 28:73) Rasulullah saw. telah mencontohkan pola hidup ini dengan segera tidur pada permulaan malam dan segera bangun sebelum fajar menyingsing atau tepatnya di akhir malam untuk bertahajjud (HR. Bukhari). Sejak diutus menjadi rasul hingga akhir hayatnya, Rasulullah saw. selalu menghidupkan akhir malam dengan bertahajjud hingga bengkak kedua telapak kaki beliau (HR. Bukhari). Beliau menyatakan makruh hukumnya meninggalkan tahajjud bagi orang yang biasa bertahajjud (HR. Bukhari). Bahkan beliau tetap bertahajjud meskipun sedang menunggang unta ketika dalam perjalanan (HR. Bukhari). Pola hidup ini membuat beliau terkenal sebagai sosok yang mempunyai kesehatan fisik dan mental yang prima, dan sebagai sosok yang bijaksana dan kata-katanya penuh dengan hikmah. Pola hidup ini adalah pola hidup yang alami. Suasana malam yang gelap tanpa ada sinar matahari, sunyi, tenang dan lebih dingin dibanding siang adalah suasana yang kondusif untuk bisa tidur dengan tenang dan nyenyak, Hewan adalah makhluk hidup yang menjalani kehidupan sesuai dengan sunatullah. Hewan tidak mempunyai akal dan nafsu yang menjadikan mereka mempunyai kemampuan dan kemauan melawan sunatullah. Hewan hidup menurut instingnya. Insting menuntun hewan – kecuali binatang malam seperti kelelawar - untuk tidur dan tidak beraktifitas di malam hari. Di zaman yang sarat dengan teknologi canggih ini – yang mampu membuat malam menjadi terang benderang, hidup dan meriah - kehidupan malam telah menjadi kebiasaan, kebutuhan, bahkan kebanggaan bagi manusia modern. Tidak sedikit manusia modern termasuk kaum Muslimin yang melakukan berbagai aktivitas di malam hari yang membuat terlambat tidur atau bahkan tidak tidur sama sekali. Ada begitu banyak aktifitas yang mereka lakukan baik yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan akhirat maupun kehidupan dunia. Ada yang penting, bermanfaat, darurat, positif dan ada yang tidak seperti menonton TV dan bersenang-senang di klub malam atau di cafe. Beraktifitas hingga tengah malam, dini hari atau bahkan hingga terbit fajar adalah praktek melawan sunatullah kecuali bagi mereka yang melakukan tugas-tugas penting dan darurat yang menyangkut hajat dan keselamatan hidup orang banyak dan tidak bisa tidak harus dilakukan di malam hari seperti para petugas keamanan dan petugas kesehatan. Juga bukan praktek melawan sunatullah, tidur awal dan bangun awal untuk melakukan aktivitas-aktivitas positif dan bermanfaat seperti belajar bagi penuntut ilmu, menulis bagi penulis, dan "taqorrub ilallah" (mendekatkan diri kepada Allah) bagi ibadurrahman (hamba-hamba Allah) dengan bertahajjud, memohon ampun, berdo'a, membaca dan mengkaji Al-Qur'an, dan berdzikir. Justru sedikit tidur di malam hari untuk beribadah kepada Allah di akhir malam adalah ciri orang yang bertakwa (QS. 51:15-18). Oleh: Mustofa* Penulis adalah ketua FUSSI (Forum Ukhuwah Sarjana Studi Islam) di IIUM dan mahasiswa program Master Ulumul Qur'an di IIUM (International Islamic University Malaysia)
Jumat, 12 November 2010
Tidur Awal dan Bangun Awal
Kiat Menjaga “Episode” Kehidupan
Dalam "episode" sakit, tingkatkanlah kesabaran sebab bisa jadi itu adalah lahan penggugur dosa SETIAP orang pasti mendambakan ketenangan hidup secara batin maupun lahir. Sebab jika hati tenang dan fisik sehat, akan merasa lebih nyaman dalam melakukan berbagai macam aktivitas baik duniawi maupun ukhrowi. Ketenangan, terutama batin merupakan sesuatu yang penting dan sangat berarti. Sebenarnya, Allah SWT telah memberi resep kepada hamba-hambanya bagaimana mendapatkan ketenangan hati, yaitu dengan dzikir. Sebagaimana firman-Nya, "Ingatlah dengan dzikir mengingati Allah, hati akan tenteram." (QS Ar Ra'd: 28). Dengan selalu mengingat Allah, hati akan tenteram. Sebaliknya, jika jarang ingat Allah, hati akan kering dan gersang. Orang-orang yang tertambat hatinya kepada Allah, selalu menghubungkan segala aktifitasnya dengan Dzat Pencipta alam semesta ini. Semakin banyak mengingat Allah, maka kadar keimanannya akan semakin bertambah. la tidak akan takut diancam oleh apa dan siapa pun makhluk yang ada di dunia ini. la hanya merasa takut akan ancaman dan murka Allah. Orang yang telah mencapai derajat ini tidak pernah merasa waswas dalam bertindak. Tiap-tiap sesuatu yang dia hadapi dijadikan sebagai ladang amal. Ia senang berbuat baik dan sedih jika jatuh pada perbuatan yang merugikan orang lain. la akan merasa bahagia jika bisa berbagi rezeki dengan orang lain, Tidak ada ketakutan dalam dirinya jika sesuatu menimpanya. Ia yakin bahwa segala sesuatunya tekah diatur oleh Allah. Dalam Al Quran surat Al Hadiid ayat 22-23, Allah SWT berfirman,Tiada suatu bencana pun yang menimpa di bumi dan (tidak pula) pada dirimu sendiri meiainkan telah tertulis dalam kitab (Lauh Mahfuzh) sebelum Kami menciptakannya. Sesungguhnya yang demikian itu adalah mudah bagi Allah (Kami jelaskan yang demikian itu) supaya kamu jangan berduka cita'terhadap apa yang luput dari kamu, dan supaya kamu jangan terlalu gembira terhadap apa yang diberikan-Nya kepadamu. Dan Allah tidak menyukai setiap orang yang sombong lagi membanggakan diri. Secara sederhana, ayat di atas menyiratkan bahwa sesungguhnya apa pun yang terjadi di dalam dunia dan kehidupan setiap manusia sesungguhnya telah Allah tentukan. Dengan demikian, tidak perlu terlalu bersedih ketika ditimpa sesuatu yang tidak menyenangkan. Sebaliknya, tidak boleh terlalu gembira melampaui batas ketika memperoleh kesenangan. Berihtiar Setiap orang tentu ingin hidupnya sukses dan semua usahanya tercapai. Namun jika harapan tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan, kita harus yakin bahwa itulah takdir terbaik dari Allah. Sepanjang kita sudah berusaha meluruskan niat dan menyempurnakan ikhtiar, tentu apa pun yang kita peroleh tidak akan sia-sia. Bukankah tidak sedikit orang yang ikhtiarnya sangat luar biasa namun belum juga memperoleh keberhasilan? Tugas kita hanya dua, luruskan niat dan sempurnakan ikhtiar. Betapapun luar biasanya kecintaan seseorang terhadap dunia, sadarilah bahwa semua itu fana belaka. Kita tidak akan hidup selamanya, ada kampung akhirat yang senantiasa menanti. Karena itu, sudah sewajarnya bila setiap episode kehidupan kita jalani dengan penuh rasa syukur. Episode mempunyai kekayaan, jalani dengan ahli sedekah. Episode tidak memiliki harta kekayaan, jagalah diri kita dengan terus bekerja sebaik-baiknya dan tidak meminta-minta belas kasih orang lain. Saat datang episode dipuji, kita berusaha sekuat tenaga agar senantiasa rendah hati. Episode dihina, bersyukur karena itu mungkin pertolongan Allah agar kita mau mengevaluasi diri. Episode sehat, perbanyaklah ibadah. Episode sakit, tingkatkan kesabaran sebab bisa jadi itu adalah lahan penggugur dosa. Kita harus senantiasa ber-husnudzhan terhadap ketentuan-ketentuan Allah yang menimpa diri kita, Jika kita merasa banyak berbuat kekhilafan dan dosa, yakinlah bahwa ampunan Allah lebih besar daripada dosa-dosa yang kita perbuat. Kita harus optimis bahwa Allah akan mengampuni kita. Dan tentu saja, juga harus optimis bahwa kita mampu memperbaiki diri. Sikap optimis inilah merupakan etika kita kepada Allah. Sebab ketika diuji oleh Allah dengan aneka kesulitan dimaksudkan supaya kita berpegang teguh kepada pertolongan-Nya. Strategi berikutnya, kita harus selalu berlatih mengenal diri sendiri. Sebab jika seseorang ingin baik, maka ia terlebih dahulu harus mengetahui sesuatu yang ingin dia rubah menjadi baik. Pengetahuannya bisa ia dapatkan dari perenungan, dan jawaban dari orang yang kita tanyai tentang diri kita. Latihan kedua adalah upaya untuk memperbaiki. Setelah kita tahu kondisi kita, maka kita usahakan untuk meminimalisasi bahkan menghilangkan kekurangan yang kita miliki. Bila perlu, kita tulis dalam daftar semua keburukan yang kita miliki dan rumuskan formula-formula untuk memperbaikinya. Allah SWT berfirman: "Sesungguhnya jika kamu bersyukur, pasti Kami akan menambah (nikmat) kepadamu, dan jika kamu mengingkari (nikmat-Ku), maka sesungguhnya azab-Ku sangat pedih." (QS Ibrahim : 7). Rasulullah saw bersabda: "Orang dermawan, dekat dengan Allah, dekat dengan manusia, dan dekat dengan syurga, sedangkan orang bakhil (pelit), jauh dari Allah, jauh dari manusia dan dekat dengan Neraka. Sungguh Allah SWT lebih mencintai hambanya yang bodoh tapi dermawan, dibandingkan dengan ahli ibadah (pandai) tapi pelit (bakhil). " (Al Hadits-Riwayat Abu Hurairah). Begitulah Allah SWT dan Rasul-Nya mengajarkan kita. Islam telah memberi rumusan yang jelas bagaimana seharusnya kita hidup ini. Kalau hidup kita ingin selamat tentu harus mengikuti apa yang dikehendaki oleh Allah dan Rasul-Nya. Semua rumusan itu telah terbukukan dengan baik dalam al-Qur'an dan Sunnah. Rasulullah SAW bersabda: "Aku tinggalkan kepada kalian dua hal, Kalian tidak akan tersesat bila kalian berpegang teguh kepadanya yakni: Kitabullah (Al-Quran) dan Sunnahku (Hadits)." (HR Muslim). [Maskur Ismail/hidayatullah.com] 
Analgesik Sebabkan Anak Laki Tidak Jantan
Gara-gara ibu hamil minum analgesik, jumlah sperma laki-laki turun hingga 50% Penggunaan obat penghilang rasa sakit ringan seperti paracetamol, aspirin dan ibuprofen menjadi salah satu sebab meningkatnya kelainan pada alat reproduksi laki-laki dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Demikian sebuah studi yang dipublikasikan pada hari Senin menyebutkan. Berdasarkan penelitian, perempuan yang mengkonsumsi kombinasi lebih dari satu jenis obat analgesik ringan selama masa kehamilan beresiko lebih tinggi melahirkan putra tanpa testis yang sempurna. Kondisi tersebut yang dinamakan cryptorchidism dikenal sebagai salah satu faktor resiko dari rendahnya kualitas cairan semen dan resiko kanker testis. Resiko cryptorchidism semakin tinggi terutama pada trimester kedua, yaitu bulan keempat hingga keenam masa kehamilan. Menurut Henrik Leffers dari Rigshospitalet di Kopenhagen yang memimpin penelitian tersebut beserta timnya, lebih dari separuh wanita hamil di negara-negara Barat menggunakan obat analgesik ringan. Dia menyarankan, jika wanita hamil ingin mengurangi penggunaan analgesik agar berkonsultasi dengan dokter mereka. Obat penghilang rasa sakit seperti paracetamol, ibuproven dan aspirin selama ini dianggap aman oleh para dokter. Penelitian di negara-negara maju membuktikan bahwa jumlah sperma laki-laki turun hingga sekitar 50% selama setengah abad terakhir ini. Studi yang dilakukan Leffers melibatkan dua kelompok perempuan, 834 di Denmark dan 1.463 di Finlandia. Mereka diberi daftar pertanyaan seputar penggunaan obat-obatan selama kehamilan. Bayi laki-laki mereka kemudian diperiksa saat lahir, apakah menunjukkan tanda-tanda cryptorchidism mulai dari yang ringan hingga berat. Kondisi ringan yaitu jika testis terletak di atas skrotum dan berat jika testis naik hingga abdomen. Studi mereka didiukung oleh penelti yang mencari tahu apakah analgesik pada tikus jantan menyebabkan kurangnya hormon testosteron selama periode penting kehamilan, yaitu saat organ seks laki-laki dibentuk. Para peneliti itu mengatakan, efek analgesik pada tikus, sebanding dengan efek yang ditimbulkan oleh endokrin, yaitu penggangu seperti zat phthalates. Phthalates adalah zat kimia yang digunakan dalam pembuatan plastik dan PVC yang dapat menyebabkan ganguan pada hormon testosteron pada anak laki-laki, sehingga payudaranya membesar seperti perempuan. Perempuan hamil yang mengkonsumsi obat analgesik, beresiko tujuh kali lipat melahirkan putra dengan cryptorchidism, dibanding yang tidak mengkonsumsinya sama sekali. Trimester kedua sepertinya merupakan masa yang paling sensitif, karena penggunaan lebih dari satu macam analgesik akan meningkatkan resiko cryptorchidism menjadi 16 kali lipat. Para peneliti dari Finlandia, Denmark dan Prancis yang hasil kerjanya dipublikasikan di jurnal Human Reproduction itu mengatakan, penelitian yang lebih banyak lagi sangat dibutuhkan dan saran penggunaan obat penghilang nyeri bagi wanita hamil perlu dipertimbangkan kembali.[di/rtr/ hidayatullah.com]
Remaja Stres Mudah Terserang Depresi
Remaja yang sering mengalami stres memiliki resiko terserang depresi saat ia dewasa Menurut penelitian yag dilakukan di Universitas Concordia di London, Inggris, stres dapat memengaruhi kesehatan mental dan menyebabkan gangguan bipolar kalangan itu. "Semakin tinggi kandungan hormon kortisol dalam liur, maka semakin tinggi tingkat stres seseorang. Dan kadar kortisol yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan gangguan bipolar dan depresi yang akan dibawa sampai seseorang itu beranjak dewasa," jelas Mark.
Penelitian itu didasarkan kecemasan Mark Ellenbogen--pimpinan peneliti--atas maraknya "serangan" depresi di kalangan remaja dan orangtua. Berdasarkan latar belakang itu, Mark dan timnya mengukur tingkat stres dengan teknik pengukuran hormon kortisol dalam air liur responden.
Dikatakan Mark, kortisol adalah sesuatu yang diproduksi tubuh ketika menghadapi situasi sulit dan menantang kemampuan Anda untuk mengatasinya.
"Penelitian yang kami lakukan menemukan bahwa pasien remaja yang memiliki kadar kortisol tinggi akan mempertahankan jumlah kortisolnya jika tidak segera ditangani," katanya.
Gangguan bipolar adalah gangguan pada fungsi otak. Gangguan ini menyebabkan perubahan yang tidak biasa pada perasaan dan proses berfikir. Disebut bipolar karena penyakit kejiwaan ini didominasi adanya fluktuasi periodik dua kutub, yakni kondisi manis (bergairah tinggi yang tidak terkendali) dan depresif.
Selasa, 12 Oktober 2010
Batik Indonesia
Growth in Indonesian Batik
The history of batik in Indonesia with regard to the development of the Majapahit kingdom and the kingdom afterwards. In some records, the development of batik is mostly done in times of Mataram kingdom, then in the kingdom of Solo and Yogyakarta.
Art of batik is an art image on the fabric for clothing that was one of the family culture of Indonesian kings of old. Batik initially worked in the palace alone are limited and the results for the king's clothes and family and his followers. Because many of the followers of the king who lived outside the palace, the art of batik was brought by them out palace and place of each work.
In the development of this batik art gradually imitated by the people nearest and subsequently expanded into the work of women in the household to fill his spare time. Furthermore, batik clothes that used only the royal family, then became a popular folk clothes, both women and men.
White fabric that is used when it is the result of homespun. Medium dye materials used consisted of plants native to Indonesia who made himself among others of: noni tree, tall, soga, indigo, and the material is made from soda ash soda, and its salts are made of mud soil.
So this batik in Indonesia has been known since the time of Majapahit kingdom and continued to grow until the next kingdom. The start spreading this batik art belongs to the people of Indonesia and Java in particular tribe is after the end of the eighteenth century or early nineteenth century. Produced batik batik is all to the early twentieth century and printed batik is known only after the world war was over unity or around 1920. Now, batik has become part of traditional Indonesian clothing.
Pekalongan Batik
Although no official records began to be known when the batik in Pekalongan, but according to estimates existing in Pekalongan batik around the year 1800. Even according to data recorded at the Ministry, batik was made 1802, like a small tree motif in the form of clothes.
But significant progress is expected to occur after a major war in 1825-1830 in the kingdom of Mataram which is often referred to as Java Diponegoro war or war. With the onset of this battle royal family and urged his followers were many who left the kingdom. They then spread towards the East and West. Later in the area - a new area that the family and followers develop batik.
To the east of Solo and Yogyakarta Batik batik patterns that have been perfected in Mojokerto and Tulungagung to spread to Gresik, Surabaya and Madura. Medium westward batik developed in Banyumas, Kebumen, Tegal, Cirebon and Pekalongan. With this migration, the batik Pekalongan that have been there before growing.
Over time, Batik Pekalongan experiencing rapid development compared to other regions. In this region batik evolved around the coastal areas, namely in Pekalongan city and regional areas Buaran, Pekajangan and Wonopringgo.
Pekalongan public encounter with the various nations such as China, Dutch, Arabic, Indian, Malay and Japanese in ancient times has colored the dynamics of color motifs and batik art.
In connection with the several types of batik motif result of the influence of various countries who came to be known as the identity of Pekalongan batik. The motive was, that is batik Jlamprang, inspired from Indian and Arab Affairs. Then batik Encim and Klengenan, influenced by the Peranakan Chinese. Dutch batik, batik Morning Afternoon, and batik Hokokai, grown rapidly since the Japanese occupation.
The development of print culture techniques using dye motifs cover the night (candles) on the fabric which is then called batik, is inseparable from the influence of those countries. This shows the context of the flexibility of batik from time to time.
Pekalongan batik is very unique because it relies entirely on hundreds of small entrepreneurs, rather than the handful of big capital entrepreneurs. Since many decades ago until now, most of Pekalongan batik production process is done in homes. As a result, closely united with batik Pekalongan Pekalongan community life that is now divided into two administrative regions, namely Pekalongan Municipality and Regency of Pekalongan.
Pekalongan batik tidal development, showing Pekalongan eligible to become an icon for the development of batik in Indonesia. Icon for works of art that never gave up with the times and always dynamic. Now, batik has become a breath of everyday life Pekalongan residents and is one superior product. This is because many industries which produce batik. Because the product is known for his batik, known as the Pekalongan Batik City . The nickname came from a long tradition rooted in Pekalongan. During that long period, various properties, the variety of uses, type design, as well as batik quality is determined by the climate and the presence of fiber- local fiber, historical factors, trade and community readiness to accept and understand new ideas.
Batik is an art culture that admired the world, among the traditional varieties produced with dye technology hurdles, none of which can be present as beautiful and as smooth as batik Pekalongan.
Senin, 11 Oktober 2010
Wayang Kulit Purwa
As its name suggests, shadow puppets are made from the skins of animals (buffalo, cow or goat).
Shadow puppets are used to demonstrate Purwa The play chronicles the story of the Mahabharata and Ramayana, is therefore also called puppet Purwa.
Until now leather puppet show as well as a means of entertainment is also one part of traditional ceremonies such as: clean village, ngruwat and others.
To perform a puppet show complete skin required approximately as many as 18 people supporters.
One person as a puppeteer, 2 people as waranggana, and 15 people as gamelan wiraswara concurrently.
The average performances in one night is 7 to 8 hours, from 21:00 hours until 05:00 hours of the morning.
When done in the daytime show usually starts from 09.00 until 16:00 hours.
Place puppet show performances arranged by using an abstract concept.
Arena stage consists of a screen of white cloth as a means of technical and placed beneath banana stem to stick puppets.
In the leather puppet show, the number of scenes in a play can not be determined. The number of these scenes will vary based on the play that demonstrated, or depending on the mastermind.
As the pre-spectacle is tetabuhan that has nothing to do with the main story, so just be as heated atmosphere or introductory course to get into the actual show.
As a guide in presenting puppet shows are usually a puppeteer would use a standard form of puppetry puppetry books.
But there is also the mastermind who uses records from the old puppeteers whose knowledge acquired through descent.
However, a puppeteer also given the opportunity to improvise, because the grip of puppetry is actually only contains the main story's core course.
To further turn the atmosphere and make the performance more interesting, improvisation and creativity puppeteer holds a very important role.
Color makeup in leather puppet has a symbolic meaning, but there is no general rule here.
The color red makeup for the face for example, most indicate the nature of anger, but the figure has Setyaki makeup color red is not a figure insolence.
So the puppet character is not determined by the color of makeup, but also determined by other elements, such as the shape (pattern) puppet itself.
Arjuna figures, both for having a black face and yellow colors, is still Arjuna with its properties that we already know. Advances such as color differences are only to differentiate spatial and temporal appearance.
Arjuna with the color yellow face for a scene staged in the palace, while Arjuna with the color black face indicates that he was on his way.
Similarly, figures Gatotkaca, Krishna, Werkudara and others.
This puppet face color difference will not be known by the audience who saw the show from behind the scenes.
Lighting equipment used in the leather puppet show from the first until now has undergone many changes in accordance with technological developments.
In its original form of lighting equipment used in the leather puppet show is blencong, then evolved into a kerosene lamp (keceran), pumped, now many use electric lights.
Minggu, 10 Oktober 2010
Gardening
Do you enjoy gardening? Gardening is a hobby of fun. After work or on weekends, is a good time to tidy up the garden in front of the house or in your backyard. Gardening activities in addition to making fun also brings many benefits.
Gardening activities can be a hobby that is enjoyable, but these activities also bring many benefits not only for women but also for men. Gardening is also useful for younger age or those who are elderly. Gardening is also useful for those who are healthy or suffering from disease.
Gardening Benefits
What are the benefits to be gained with gardening? Here are some benefits when gardening other than as an enjoyable hobby.
* Positive impact on health
Gardening just like doing exercise to burn calories so good for the health of the body. When gardening, you will be doing activities such as mowing lawns, trimming plants , trim pots, planting flowers and plants, fertilizing and watering the plants. Gardening activities will burn between 280 calories up to 380 calories per hour. The number of calories burned is the same with sexual activity for 3 hours or the equivalent of jogging or running for 30 minutes or run a distance of 2.5 km. Even gardening can burn more calories than cycling. Gardening equivalent of exercising at the gym who will spend a lot of money.In addition, this activity strongly support the physical and psychological health.
Gardening activities are also beneficial to men's health, especially in matters of sex. Gardening can overcome the problem of impotence or erectile dysfunction for men. With gardening for men, will reduce the risk of impotence.
* Lowering stress levels
After completing a full day or a week full of busyness and stress, it would be fun to come home and start gardening at the end of the day or on weekends. Gardening activities can serve as stress relievers, pain and frustration. Also, while waiting for plants to germinate and flower buds, it will help someone to train your patience and look forward with positive thoughts.
For those who are elderly (seniors), gardening activities also have many benefits. Caring for plants capable of making the elderly feel that they still needed and not lonely.
For those who are experiencing mental health problems or have psychological disorders, gardening activities also have a positive impact. With gardening, one can feel comfortable and calm. Especially when working on the garden with plants and flowers are beautiful and quiet neighborhood. Furthermore, caring for flowers and gardening activity may help a person gain self-confidence.
However, gardening is not just people who benefit from the green environment makes. People who live or be around the house with a beautiful garden would also benefit. Some research shows that people will feel more comfortable with the environment that many green plants.
* Cure diseases and speed up the process of health recovery
Some hospital patients will be found to heal faster when they're on the green environment or are in a room that has an indoor plant.When measured blood pressure and pulse heart , patients who are being treated and was in a green environment will recover faster. So if a family member is sick, then to create a beautiful home gardening and accelerate the healing of the family members.
In addition, with gardening, it can lower blood pressure, so avoid the hypertension.Gardening activities are also able to help people with diabetes . Since the number of calories burned, will directly influence the levels of sugar in the body.
* Prolong life
Because health is stable and more peaceful mind, then this will affect the age. The results showed that people who love gardening have on average live longer durations than those who do not like gardening.
Sure, gardening is fun. You can have a lovely small garden in your home or a spacious garden full of green trees unsightly eye. This activity is also a lot of fun in addition to the benefits. Try to start making your yard become more green with gardening.
Borobudur Temple
Borobudur is the biggest temple in Indonesia. Borobudur temple is located in Magelang, Central Java, in addition to being a bustling tourist attraction visited, also a center of worship for Buddhists in Indonesia, particularly in every celebration of Vesak. This is consistent with the meaning of the name of 'convent in the hills ". Currently established as one of the Borobudur World Heritage by UNESCO.
The history of Borobudur Temple
Borobudur was built by the followers of Mahayana Buddhism during the reign of Dynasty dynasty. This temple was built in the heyday dynasty dynasty. The founder of the Borobudur Temple, King Samaratungga originating from or dynasty dynasty dynasty. The possibility of this temple was built aroun
d the year 824 AD and was completed around the year 900 AD during the reign of Queen Pramudawardhani who is the daughter of Samaratungga. While the architects who contributed to build this temple, according to stories passed down through generations named Gunadharma.Borobudur own words based on the first written evidence that was written by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, Governor General of the United Kingdom in Java, which gives the name of this temple. There is no written evidence that older who gave the name of this temple of Borobudur. Only one of the oldest document showing the existence of this temple is Nagarakretagama book, written by the MPU Prapanca in the year 1365. In the book was written that this temple was used as a place of Buddhist meditation.
Meaning of the name Borobudur "abbey in the hills", which comes from the word "coal" (temple or monastery) and "beduhur" (hills or high ground) in Sanskrit. Therefore, in accordance with the meaning of the name Borobudur, then this place since long ago used as a place of Buddhist worship.
This temple for centuries no longer used. Then, because of volcanic eruptions, most of the buildings covered Borobudur volcanic soil. In addition, the building is also covered with various trees and shrubs for centuries. Then the building of this temple began forgotten in the time Islam arrived in Indonesia around the 15th century.
In 1814 when the British occupied Indonesia, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles heard of the discovery of huge archaeological objects in the village of Magelang district Bumisegoro. Due to great interest of the history of Java, then immediately ordered Raffles HC Cornelius, a Dutch engineer, to investigate the discovery of the location was a hill covered with shrubs.
Cornelius assisted by about 200 men cut down trees and remove shrubs that covered the giant building. Because the building is already fragile and could collapse, then report to the Raffles Cornelius invention includes several images. Since the discovery, Raffles was awarded as the man who started restoration of Borobudur temple and got the attention of the world. In 1835, the entire area of the temple has been unearthed. The temple is kept restored in the Dutch colonial period.
After Indonesian independence, in 1956, the Indonesian government requested the assistance of UNESCO to examine the damage to Borobudur. Then in 1963, out of the official Indonesian government's decision to conduct the restoration of Borobudur temple with the help of UNESCO. However, this restoration was only really started to be done on August 10, 1973. Since 1991, Borobudur designated as World Heritage or World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
Borobudur Temple
Borobudur temple is located in Magelang, Central Java, about 40 km from Yogyakarta. Borobudur has 10 levels consisting of 6 levels of a square, circular level 3 circular and a main stupa as a peak. At every level there are several stupas. Altogether there are 72 stupas in addition to the main stupa. In every stupa there are statues of Buddha. Ten levels of Buddhist philosophy which describes the ten levels of Bodhisattva who must pass to reach the perfection of the Buddha in nirvana. This perfection symbolized by the main stupa at the top level. Borobudur structure when viewed from above form a mandala structure depicting Buddhist cosmology and human thinking.
On the fourth side of the temple there is the gate and stairs to the level above it like a pyramid. This illustrates the Buddhist philosophy that all life came from rocks. Stone later became the sand, then into plants, then into the insect, then become wild animals and pets, and the last to be human. This process is known as reincarnation. The last process is to be the soul and eventually into nirvana. Each stage of enlightenment in this life processes based on Buddhist philosophy is illustrated in reliefs and statues in the whole temple of Borobudur.
This huge building just a giant pile of stone blocks which have a total height of 42 meters. Each stone connected without the use of cement or adhesive. These stones are only connected by patterns and stacked. The base of Borobudur temple is about 118 m on each side. The stones which used approximately 55,000 cubic meters. All the stones are taken from the river around the Borobudur Temple. The stones are cut and then transported and connected with a pattern like lego game. All without using glue or cement.
Meanwhile, relief began to be made after the completion rocks stacked and connected. Reliefs found on the temple walls. Borobudur has different relief 2670. Relief is read clockwise. This relief illustrates a story that I read it starts and ends at the gate to the east. This shows that the main gate of Borobudur temple facing the east like most other Buddhist temples.
Vesak celebration at Borobudur
Every year on the full moon in May (or June in leap years), Buddhists in Indonesia celebrate Vesak at the Borobudur Temple. Vesak is celebrated as the day of birth, death and the moment when Siddhartha Gautama obtain the highest wisdom to become the Buddha Shakyamuni. The third event is called Vesak Trisuci. Vesak ceremony focused on the three Buddhist temples by walking from the Mendut Pawon and ends at Borobudur.
On the eve of Vesak, particularly during peak moment of full moon, Buddhists gathered around Borobudur. At that time, Borobudur is believed to be the gathering place of supernatural powers. According to belief, during Vesak, the Buddha will appear visible on top of a mountain in the south.
Borobudur
Currently, Borobudur has become a tourist attractions which attracts many tourists both local and foreign tourists. In addition, the Borobudur Temple has become a holy place for Buddhists in Indonesia and became the center of the most important annual celebration of Vesak Buddhist.
Borobudur be one proof of the greatness and human intelligence has ever made in Indonesia. Borobudur become major attractions and culture in Indonesia besides Bali and Jakarta. After visiting the Borobudur, you can also visit the surrounding villages such as Karanganyar which has some interesting attractions.
What's wrong with Facebook?
Up the existing trend in society is strong enough, make a lot of fans who eventually bought the smartphone in order to be able to continue to access. Facebook is interesting, as a mini blog, Facebook allows its members to write the status on the wall, what is felt or what he was experiencing, then other members can provide comments that make it more exciting.
Website up allows you to receive a friend request from a close friend, school friends, relatives and even your old friends. People you do not know before, they can invite friends via Facebook. Or you can also insert a picture and mark the people who exist in the image, so that people can see the photo marked. You can also enter a schedule of events and inviting others via Facebook. Another feature is that you can chat or talk with other members who are your friends when you were online simultaneously.
Indeed, many interesting features that you can get through up. Very often people use the media up to promote their products because of the many members of Facebook. But like a knife can be used to cut food to be cooked and can also for a crime, then up also has a negative side if misused. What are the negative impacts up?
Negative effects up
Update your status, upload photos, chat or look at the walls of others can be very exciting and make sure time. That is what is often perceived by members of Facebook. So, do not forget the time necessary for good discipline. For your children, set rules for how long they can access the Internet so it does not run out of time for rest, study or doing other activities.
For couples who are married, use up to cause a rift in their relationship. When you see the words sent by a romantic opposite sex from your husband or wife may be able to cause an argument. Or with up, communication with the opposite sex can be very intimate, making you often tell your problems to him can make in the end you're interested in people, not the couple themselves.
Include complete biographical data, even phone numbers or home addresses to lure people who are not responsible. This is because if not specifically, everyone can read this information. And if this information is used by people who intend evil, then it can easily be done. Protect your privacy while feeling confident that the site has been completely safe. Distribute your information only to people who really you know. Ignore the invitation of friends if you are suspicious of the person's membership on Facebook. Even if you have got a threat or act less fun than anyone else on Facebook, you can report the person to the manager up.
Many people compete to want to have as many friends as possible on Facebook. Always check who you invite friends and who invites you to be his friend. Because it can be that you're friends with people who intend evil or to send spam on your wall.
A variety of interesting applications are also available on Facebook. But some of these applications can contain viruses or malicious applications. If there is an invitation to use a particular application, and you're not sure then just ignore the invitation. You can ask other people or your friends who already use these applications to ask for recommendations.
Importance of Monitoring Your Child
When adults are able to be infatuated with Facebook, especially teenagers who are at times happy to get acquainted and wanted to show his true identity. Facebook has become a virtual as a container of friends who liked them. Lack of experience of the teens make them often become easy targets of criminals, especially sexual predators and pedophiles.
Various news in the newspaper showed that many children who leave home due to meet with someone and possibly feel love with new friends. In fact, it is not certain who the person is, given the virtual world, someone can just cover up the true identity. It may be that the person is admitted as a young single people or disguised as a good kid. When your child to leave home to meet people like that, certainly can cause harm to your own child and brought grief to the family.
So, how as parents can safeguard and protect children from bad influences up? You can try to do the following things in order to keep control of your child's Internet activity either via a PC or laptop as well as through HP .
* Attempting to learn about the Internet
Maybe for parents who do not understand about the Internet technology, learn it is a challenge. However, in order to monitor your child, at least you should understand about the Internet. Learn about how to use email, chat or have a Facebook account. By knowing it, you can also teach your child this tenatang. In fact, you can become Facebook friends with your child, so that could well be done to monitor every update that your child is on Facebook.'s Never too late to learn the technology. Bahkan banyak juga anggota Facebook adalah kaum lansia! In fact, many are also members of Facebook is the elderly!
* Inform about the dangers that lurk in the use of Internet
Remind your child that while interesting, they should be aware of the dangers the Internet. One way is to remind them not to tell the complete personal data to the new people and do not include them in a personal profile.
* Naturally socialize in cyberspace
Tell your child not to accept everyone who wants to be friends in social networking sites like Facebook. It is not necessary to have a lot of friends in cyberspace. Because if any stranger be accepted as a friend, a stranger can be more easily access the profile and range of information your child. Do also are too familiar with friends on the Internet or even a serious relationship only because of interest in his face, his skills or anything else that is not necessarily true. Having friends in the real world is much more secure than friends with people who may be hiding his true identity in cyberspace.
* Do not allow your children access the Internet without direct observation
Leaving computer with Internet access in rooms is a big mistake that might be a parent. Children who do not understand fully about the dangers of the Internet, to secretly access the Internet without your knowledge. In the bedroom, children can freely access the Internet without being noticed. To reduce this effect, the computer should be put in place with a lot of people passing by, for example in the family room.
Facebook as social networking web sites can indeed be useful to all users. If used appropriately, you can enjoy the many positive and beneficial friendship. But do not relax your vigilance, because behind many benefits, if misused it up could be a danger of destroying your family. Always use up wisely.
Medicinal Plants
You can also obtain direct benefits from medicinal plants grown in gardens or parks in your home. The following medicinal plants that can fill your life pharmacies:
* Aloe Vera
Aloe vera or the aloe vera plant has long been recognized as a hair fertilizer. Another benefit is to relieve cough.
* Sirih
Known for having a good antiseptic content. You can also use it to relieve cough.
* Galangal
In addition as a kitchen spice, ginger can cure skin fungus on the skin.
* Wild Ginger
Helpful resolve jaundice.
* Cumin
If there are family members that hot, use cumin leaves to reduce the heat. Helpful also to launch breastfeeding for mothers who are breastfeeding.
* Ginger
Can be used to cure coughs and rheumatism because it produces a sense of warmth.
* Shallots
These famous herbs are also useful for treating colds.
* Crown god
Plants that have been renowned as a medicinal plant. Can cure high blood diseases.
* Cat whiskers
Can be used to relieve back pain.
* Bitter
The bitter taste are believed to cure various diseases. You can use the leaves to cure diseases and typhoid fever.
* Morinda citrifolia
Fruit is beneficial for the body a lot. By eating the fruit can relieve osteoporosis.
* Lemon
Fruit acids can be used to relieve cough.
* Begonia
Is an ornamental plant, but also has benefits to cope with menstrual pain.
* Puring
It is also a common ornamental plant grown in the garden because the leaves are colorful. It can be used leaves yellow green to warm the stomach.
* Jasmine
Beautiful flower whose fragrance is often used as a raw material of perfume, apparently including medicinal plants. Savor the leaves can cure shortness of breath and headaches. The flowers can be used to treat eye inflammation.
* Bay
Water boiled bay leaves able to cope with ulcer disease and is also able to lower blood sugar levels quickly, so good for diabetics.
* Guava
The leaves can be used to treat bowel disease or diarrhea. The function of the leaves are able to make hard stool, thereby reducing the bowel movement. Fruit juice is also good for health because they contain lots of vitamin C and good for patients, such as dengue fever.
Seeing the many benefits of living pharmacy, sure to move you to utilize the existing land at home. Parks can provide a psychological effect for people who are sick and recover faster. Caring for your plants also become a means for moving the body and exercise. As a result the body becomes healthy and beautiful.
If your house does not have large land do not despair, use the pot as the planting medium. By having a living pharmacy, home to beautiful, beautiful, healthy and can save money to buy drugs or herbs. Medicinal plants will create healthy for you and your family.
Swamp Forest
The role and benefits of swamp forest :
• prevent flooding;
• prevent seawater intrusion into groundwater and rivers
• energy sources
• vegetable or animal food sources
•Backup source of water, can absorb and store excess water from the surrounding area and will issue a water reserve at the time of the surrounding area dry
What happens if the swamp forest lost?
1. can lead to drought
2. may result in seawater intrusion further inland
3. can lead to flooding
4. loss of flora and fauna in it
5.source of livelihood of local residents is reduced
Examples of swamp which is now a nature reserve is a nature preserve estuary Angke. Angke estuary nature reserve is located in the north of Jakarta, its presence along the coastline stretching from the mouth of the reef to the west towards the canal with a length of approximately 5 km width of 100 meters with an area of approximately 50 , 80 Ha. Lately condition was very poor because of environmental degradation of ecosystems, pollution of sea water, plastic waste and sea water abrasion. Yet from this forest we can learn a lot about different kinds of aquatic plants, wildlife birds, reptiles etc.
In the area of North Jakarta, precisely in the area of the estuary to the west to Angke there kamal mangrove forest (mangroves) are protected and used as a nature reserve. Mangrove forest stretches along the shoreline with a length of approximately 5 km and width 100 meters square. This forest overgrown from a variety of aquatic plants such as mangrove trees (Rhizophora mucronata), tree fires, acacia, and other shrub vegetation. While the animals who became residents of these conservation areas such as weasels, otters and monkeys that have been increasingly difficult to find because of the scarcity of food ketersediaaan, except that there are 74 species of birds including egrets, blekok, Little Cormorant, bango, grouse. But if we go there frequently encountered is the type of heron and wild duck. It is estimated that these birds have migrated to the island of hair, then there are also 4 types of fish and 7 species of reptiles (lizards and other poisonous snakes and pythons. According to data from the Ministry of Forestry Establishments prop, the existence of forests in Jakarta consists of: Protected forest area of 44 , 76 Ha, Forest nature reserve covering an area of 25.02 hectares, an area of 99.82 ha Forest Tourism, Bakor island nature reserve covering an area of 18 ha, and the island nature reserve covering an area of 45 ha hair.
Functions of forests
From the point of ecological functions of forests, mangrove forests are a unique form of ecosystem. The reason, in mangrove areas integrated four important biologically important elements: land, trees, fauna and ecosystems. Thus, the management potential of such forests should be appropriate and rational for ecological and economic functions can be utilized optimally. Functions of mangrove forest itself as a protector against coastal erosion, protection against the sea wind, resist intrusion of sea water and the development of marine biota, as well as research objects and attractions that need to be developed. As an object of research, we can perform a variety of research on various types of water plants, marine water pollution levels, the types of wildlife and other aquatic biota. But if its existence is being weakened how will we mempertanggungjawabkanya against children and grandchildren, take care and keep it is our job together, forest is not a surrogate of inheritance but our children and grandchildren.
Types of Forests and Forest Function
Here below are the division of all kinds / types of forest in the Republic of Indonesia with the meaning of the definition and understanding:
1. 1. Mangrove Forest
Mangrove forests are forests that grow in coastal areas muddy. Example: the east coast of Borneo, the south coast cilacap, etc..
2. 2. Forest Sabana
Forest forest grassland savanna is spacious with a very small number of trees with low rainfall. Example: Nusa southeast.
3. 3. Swamp Forest
Swamp forest is a forest in swampy areas with palm plants growing in swamp forest. Example: southern Papua, Kalimantan, and so on.
4. 4. Tropical Rain Forest
Tropical rain forest is dense forest / jungle forest that grew around the equator / ukuator that have rained rainfall is very high. Forest type this one has a high humidity level, landless fertile, high humus and wet and difficult to enter by humans. This forest is very popular illegal logging and illegal loggers are also wicked fun destroying forests and cost the state billions of dollars. Example: Borneo forest, Sumatran forests, etc..
5. 5. Forest Season
Monsoon forest is a forest with high rainfall but had a long drought period that renders the leaves in the forest surrounding the dry time.
